UK VAT Rates
- Updated VAT Rates
- Official Guidance Ready
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Find the right VAT rate in seconds
Search by product, service or industry to see which rate applies — with a plain-English explanation.
All UK VAT rates at a glance
A side-by-side comparison of every rate, what it applies to, and where to go for detail.
| Rate | Percentage | Applies to | Example products | Learn more |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard | 20% | View details → | ||
| Reduced | 5% | View details → | ||
| Zero Rate | 0% | View details → | ||
| Exempt | — | View details → | ||
| Outside Scope | N/A | View details → |
Every VAT rate, explained
What each rate means for your invoices, your customers and your VAT return.
Standard Rate
Reduced Rate
Zero Rate
Exempt Supplies
Outside Scope
VAT rates by industry
Rates and quirks vary by sector — start with yours.
Retail
Hospitality
Construction
Healthcare
Education
Financial Services
Transport
Property
Digital Services
E-commerce
From registration to submission
Where VAT rates fit into the wider VAT process.
VAT Registration
VAT Rate Selection
VAT Calculation
VAT Return
HMRC Submission
Which VAT rate applies?
Follow the flow to work out how a supply should be treated.
Common products by VAT rate
A fast-scan list for everyday items — click any product for the full explanation.
See the maths in action
Real calculations for each rate, step by step.
Why VAT rates matter — to you specifically
The right rate affects pricing, compliance and cash flow differently depending on your role.
Businesses
Freelancers
Retailers
Online Sellers
Accountants
Bookkeepers
Contractors
Students
Built for how you actually work
Straight from HMRC
This page is a plain-English companion — always check official guidance for formal decisions.
Frequently asked questions
What is the standard VAT rate?
What is the reduced VAT rate?
Which items are zero-rated?
What is VAT exemption?
How often do VAT rates change?
Can VAT rates differ by product?
Are VAT rates different internationally?
How do I calculate VAT?
Can businesses reclaim VAT?
Where can I find official guidance?
Related VAT tools & pages
Why people rely on VATCalculatorX
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