VAT Rates

<!– SEO TITLE: e.g. “UK VAT Rates 2025 | Standard, Reduced & Zero Rate Guide” –>
Updated for the current tax year

UK VAT Rates

  • Updated VAT Rates
  • Official Guidance Ready
  • Free Resource
  • Mobile Friendly
  • Easy to Understand
VAT Rate Board Live rates
Standard Rate
Most goods and services
20%
Reduced Rate
Home energy, mobility aids
5%
Zero Rate
Most food, books, children’s clothes
0%
Exempt Supplies
Insurance, finance, education
Outside Scope
Non-business transactions
N/A
Last checked: [DATE] · Source: HMRC
Standard
20%

Learn more →
Reduced
5%

Learn more →
Zero Rate
0%

Learn more →
Exempt

Learn more →
Outside Scope
N/A

Learn more →
Rate Finder

Find the right VAT rate in seconds

Search by product, service or industry to see which rate applies — with a plain-English explanation.

Results for your search will appear here.
Comparison

All UK VAT rates at a glance

A side-by-side comparison of every rate, what it applies to, and where to go for detail.

Rate Percentage Applies to Example products Learn more
Standard 20% View details →
Reduced 5% View details →
Zero Rate 0% View details →
Exempt View details →
Outside Scope N/A View details →
In detail

Every VAT rate, explained

What each rate means for your invoices, your customers and your VAT return.

Standard Rate
20%

Standard Rate

Reduced Rate
5%

Reduced Rate

Zero Rate
0%

Zero Rate

Exempt Supplies

Exempt Supplies

Outside Scope
N/A

Outside Scope

Calculate VAT instantly using the latest UK VAT rates

By industry

VAT rates by industry

Rates and quirks vary by sector — start with yours.

Retail

Hospitality

Construction

Healthcare

Education

Financial Services

Transport

Property

Digital Services

E-commerce

Process

From registration to submission

Where VAT rates fit into the wider VAT process.

01

VAT Registration

02

VAT Rate Selection

03

VAT Calculation

04

VAT Return

05

HMRC Submission

Decision tree

Which VAT rate applies?

Follow the flow to work out how a supply should be treated.

Is the supply taxable?
No
Exempt or outside scope
Yes
Is it zero-rated?
Yes
Zero rate (0%)
No
Does it qualify for the reduced rate?
Yes
Reduced rate (5%)
No
Standard rate (20%)
Quick reference

Common products by VAT rate

A fast-scan list for everyday items — click any product for the full explanation.

Food 0%
Books 0%
Children’s Clothing 0%
Fuel 5%
Medical Supplies 20%
Hotels 20%
Electricity 5%
Construction Services 20%
Digital Products 20%
Exports 0%
Worked examples

See the maths in action

Real calculations for each rate, step by step.

Standard Rate 20%
Original price£[XX.XX]
VAT amount£[XX.XX]
Final price£[XX.XX]
Reduced Rate 5%
Original price£[XX.XX]
VAT amount£[XX.XX]
Final price£[XX.XX]
Zero Rate 0%
Original price£[XX.XX]
VAT amount£0.00
Final price£[XX.XX]
Why it matters

Why VAT rates matter — to you specifically

The right rate affects pricing, compliance and cash flow differently depending on your role.

Businesses

Freelancers

Retailers

Online Sellers

Accountants

Bookkeepers

Contractors

Students

Smart features

Built for how you actually work

VAT Rate Lookup
Save Favourite Rates
Recent Searches
Print VAT Table
Export PDF
Export CSV
Share VAT Rates
Dark Mode
Sticky Navigation
Floating Calculator Button
Mobile Sticky CTA
Copy VAT Information
Official guidance

Straight from HMRC

This page is a plain-English companion — always check official guidance for formal decisions.

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What is the standard VAT rate?
What is the reduced VAT rate?
Which items are zero-rated?
What is VAT exemption?
How often do VAT rates change?
Can VAT rates differ by product?
Are VAT rates different internationally?
How do I calculate VAT?
Can businesses reclaim VAT?
Where can I find official guidance?
Trust

Why people rely on VATCalculatorX

Accurate Information

Updated Regularly

Easy to Understand

Mobile Friendly

Free Resource

Secure Website

Fast Performance

Built for UK Users

No Registration

Professional Guidance

Need to calculate VAT using the latest UK VAT rates?

Start using our free VAT Calculator for instant and accurate results.

Calculate VAT